Year after year, a new semester soon arrived. In the second year of work, under the arrangement of the leadership, I was still responsible for bringing the children in the middle class. The teacher with me took them from the early class. Before school started, I also communicated with the parents. The children came to the kindergarten and entered the class. See you When I arrive, I will kindly call me "Hello Teacher Gao!" I feel very warm when I hear such a voice. I stood at the door of the classroom warmly welcoming every child who came. In order to enhance the feelings between the children, I would also communicate with each child. At this time, a parent’s voice came not far away, "We’re here by coincidence, let’s see the teacher greet the coincidence at the door!" Looking for the voice, I saw a grandma walking over with a schoolbag and smiling face. , Followed by a little girl, she hid behind her grandmother and walked slowly with her head down. At this time, Teacher Ma walked out of the classroom, stepped forward and took a clever hand to the door of the classroom, but she was still low Head, I thought she was a little unhappy because of the first day of school. When I squatted down and saw her face smiling, I felt very strange, but I still stretched out my hands and gave her a hug and told her I was Her new teacher, but she still remained the same. I kept talking to her, but she kept ignoring me and never talking to me. Her grandmother said to the side, "Isn’t it good at home, good teacher Gao, good teacher Ma!" After some time passed , She is still like that. So after the incident, I communicated with Teacher Ma and found out that this child started to behave strangely when he entered the kindergarten in a small class. Other children would sit in small chairs seriously when they were in class, and only she would tilt up from time to time. Little butt, looking under the chair, and likes to get in front of other children, but just doesn't communicate with other children. After understanding this, I checked some information and found out that this situation is some manifestation of autism.

Autism, also known as autism, is a long-term developmental disorder caused by abnormal brain function that starts in infants and young children. It is characterized by language development disorders, communication difficulties with people, lack of social interaction behavior, Characterized by stereotyped repetitive actions and peculiar reactions to the environment. The name "Autism" was proposed by Professor Leo Kenner of the Hopkins University in 1943. He has conducted detailed observations on 11 children for a long time and found that these children have some common symptoms, such as: no emotional contact with his peers; obsessive obsession with some things; no language, or just some meaningless Unbalanced intellectual development, some young children’s intellectual development is fast, and some young children’s development is slower; attractive appearance; the onset period is usually in childhood, etc. These symptoms are considered to be a special disease, and other diseases are not Same, so it was named "autism", which translates to autism or autism in Chinese.

Gradually, it took a long time. After observing some of Qiaoqiao’s behaviors in the kindergarten, I became more and more aware that some of her behaviors were special manifestations of autistic children.

1. Being lonely and outlier, emotionally unable to establish normal contact with other people. Some children will show this characteristic since they were infancy. For example, they have not kissed their parents since they were young, and they don’t like being held by others. When a person wants to pick him up, he doesn’t stretch out his hand to show the expectation to be picked up. I don't take the initiative to find a child to play with. When others find him to play, he avoids and does not respond to the calls of his peers. He always likes to be alone and play by himself. Although some children show that they do not reject others, they do not communicate with those children and lack the ability of social communication skills. For example, when looking for children to play, they either suddenly shoot people, grab people, or suddenly go over and give them a hug. Then he left, as if these slapped and pulled people were not just an action to find people to contact, or that there was only a form of contact without the content and purpose of contacting people. Their loneliness is also manifested in not caring about everything around them. They seem to be listening and turning a blind eye. They do whatever they want. They have no scruples and no one else. What happens around them seems to have nothing to do with him, and it is difficult to arouse their interest. And pay attention, and their eyes often change. They don’t easily stay on the things that others ask him to pay attention to. They seem to live in their own little world. When she happened to see other children playing happily, she liked to move in too, stretched out her hand, then touched another child, and then left their group. In addition, their gaze does not look at each other or even avoids the other’s gaze, and their gazes are also erratic during normal activities. They often squint, squint, or peripheral vision when looking at people. They rarely look squarely or smile, and never greet people. In order to pay more attention to Qiaoqiao, we learned from her family that the relationship between this child and his father is very unfamiliar. The child does not like to sleep with his father, and seldom calls his father actively; Other children play together, and sometimes observe other children in strange ways, such as squatting and watching standing children, always like to wait with their heads down. Whenever the teacher talked to her, she always lowered her head to play with her clothes, or looked here and there, she would not make eye contact with the teacher. She is afraid of making eye contact with others.

2. The barriers to language development are very prominent. Most children with autism have very little speech. If the more severe children remain silent for almost all their lives, sometimes even children with autism can speak very limited vocabulary, and they are often unwilling to speak. Some can speak, but the voice is very small, very low or repeat some monotonous words to themselves. Some children will only imitate what others have said, instead of talking in their own language. Many children with autism do not ask or answer questions, just repeat other people's questions. Language communication is often manifested in the confusion and inversion of the use of pronouns, for example, "you" and "he" are often used to replace himself. Qiaoqiao closed her mouth every time she entered the door of the kindergarten, and she would not speak a word, just like the scene at the beginning of school. Grandma said she would speak at home, but when she reached the door of the classroom, she closed her mouth tightly. Lips, refusing to make any sound, suddenly entered her personal silent world. And every time her family came to pick her up, she left the kindergarten and started talking again. Once when I went out to buy cakes from Daxilai cake shop, I saw Qiaoqiao and her grandma were also about to push the door in. It was Qiaoqiao who was saying something in her mouth, but she didn’t speak very much. Clearly, I was about to say hello to her. When she saw it, she was stunned for a moment, then lowered her head and her lips closed again.

3. Most children's mental development is not balanced. At present, most children with autism are slower than children of the same age, while only a few children with autism have normal or close to normal intelligence. However, some of these children are surprisingly good in one aspect of their intellectual activities, which is incredible. Many autistic children have strong mechanical memory ability, especially the memory ability of words and symbols. For example, a 3 or 4 year old child likes to read words. He asks what he reads when he sees a word, and he only asks it once to remember. Therefore, he can read children's story books fluently and effortlessly, which shows that he has mastered a lot Vocabulary, but when he wants to use words to express his meaning, there are obvious difficulties, indicating that they have impairment in understanding and using language ability.

Many children with autism are not caused by no one caring or lacking love, but because they love their children too much, oversatisfy and protect them, and inhibit the natural development of their language and behavior. Qiaoqiao was like this because of her family’s overspoiling when she was a child. When Qiaoqiao was playing with other children in the community when she was young, her family was afraid that she would be bullied by other children while she was playing, and every time she took her downstairs with other children When playing, her family always likes to hold her in her arms, let her watch the children in the community play, and prevent her from communicating with other children. After a long time, Qiaoqiao will habitually live alone. In your own world, children will gradually develop autism.

Through some information, it is not impossible to treat autism. In fact, there are some practical treatments for such symptoms, such as:

1, sensory integration therapy

The concept of sensory integration was proposed by Dr. Jean Aryes of the University of Southern California in 1969. Sensory integration therapy is also called sensory integration training. Sensory integration training for children with autism should include:

(1) Provide adequate training for all kinds of stimulation; we can provide autistic children with stimuli that they like or are more acceptable, which can increase the enthusiasm of children with autism to participate in activities and improve their brain processing various feelings. In this way, young children with autism have the ability to respond appropriately. In response to sensory stimuli, they often stay at the initial stage of sensation, and lack some appropriate responses. For example, if you ask them to do an activity, they are only interested in receiving the stimulus, and will not notice the causality of the activity itself. However, if this stimulus is used as an inducement, it may arouse their motivation to participate in activities, and then use the design of activity goals to promote the sensory integration function of their brains, and improve the function of the autistic children's brain to deal with external stimuli. On the other hand, in appropriate activities, train them to learn some concepts or life skills.

(2) Strengthen the guidance and training of language development for children with autism; a typical symptom of children with autism is language barriers. Therefore, it is necessary to specially train and guide the language development of autistic children when they receive sensory integration training to promote the development of their language ability. For example, try to let children answer some simpler questions first, try to let them organize these simple answers into a coherent short sentence, slowly try to say some simple nursery rhymes, or when at home, you can ask the children appropriately. In kindergarten Let the children try to talk about some of the things that happened here.

(3) According to the process of individual development, improve the body concept, space concept and ability of planning movements of children with autism; the understanding of body concept, space concept and the ability of planning movements of autistic children and their poor. They are not afraid of dizziness, like to take a fixed path, like to do the same movements, and dislike sports, etc. These need to be improved through sensory integration training. For example, when you are outdoors, you can try to let your child play some obstructive equipment activities, or let her combine some of her usual activities for practice.

(4) Dealing with self-stimulation or self-harm; when children with autism have self-stimulation or self-harm, first of all, eliminate or reduce their sources of stress, such as reducing noise or excessive noise in the surrounding environment. Visual stimulation, do not ask children that they cannot understand or ask them to do things they cannot. When young children with autism cannot understand your instructions or cannot do what you ask them, don’t show impatience, otherwise it will create greater pressure. Instead, try to change the way of communication. Simplify the instructions, or lower the required standards. Secondly, the sensory stimulation needed by autistic children should be provided. We should provide them with the stimulation they need based on their age or the characteristics of their social environment, and train them to actively obtain these stimulation skills.

2, psychological intervention

psychological intervention method can be said to be a relatively effective method for the treatment of autism in children. Psychological intervention for children with autism is mainly education training and psychological counseling. Common psychological intervention therapies mainly include:

(1) Behavior modification methods. When a child with autism has some inappropriate behaviors, she can use other things to divert her attention and make her lose the thought of that behavior. If you find that she wants to destroy a toy, you can appropriately ask her to do something for you and divert her attention.

(2) Social life skills training method. This method is mainly aimed at children with autism who have poor social communication skills and trains them with basic social life skills such as calling, shopping, riding in a car, self-hygiene, and interpersonal communication. Through training, they can master basic social life skills and ease their social communication barriers. For example, the child in my class seems to be very interested in the phone. I remember that during a parent-child trip, she could hold her dad’s phone in the car and was very interested in taking pictures, and she was also able to interact with the surrounding people simply She will tell me that she likes Dad’s mobile phone. Dad’s mobile phone has games and fun. She will also say that mom’s mobile phone is the same as the one used by the teacher. When she encounters something she is interested in, she will take the initiative to talk with people around her.

(3) Game therapy. Play therapy is mainly aimed at the emotional disorders of children with autism, to solve their emotional anxiety and fear, and make them gradually out of the closed world. Let them feel that the world they live in is actually very relaxed and happy. Let children play some relaxing games, such as role-playing games.

(4) Music therapy. Children with autism have certain special talents, and musical talent is one of them. Applebaum, Egel, Koegel & Imhof (1979) found that the musical ability of some children with autism is higher than that of normal children with musical talents, and they have an extraordinary sense of music and sound recognition ability. Therefore, using music to stimulate their senses, adjust their senses, protect and develop their brains, explore their learning potential, promote their speech and communication skills, promote social and emotional development, and shape correct behavior. Effective treatment.

(5) Relaxation therapy. Let autistic children familiarize themselves with the surrounding environment and psychologically relax their insecurities in the unfamiliar environment. The specific method is: arrange autistic children among a group of people who can communicate with the therapist. During the activity, they do not make any requirements but can get the same toys as other children. After a few weeks, make them autistic The mental stress of children with symptoms is reduced and they can be interested in activities, and can show appropriate responses with the environment.

3, medication

Drug treatment must be carried out under the guidance of a specialist. These drugs do have an important therapeutic effect on children with autism. Although it has not yet achieved a radical cure, effective drugs can make children with autism more adaptable to environmental management. Through comprehensive measures such as special drug training and behavioral correction, the symptoms of children can be improved rationally.

In short, the treatment and training of children with autism is a long-term process, and there are individual differences between different children. This requires us educators not only to be familiar with theoretical knowledge, but also to be flexible in actual activities according to specific conditions. Use various methods, and the most important thing is that we have a heart of love and care for children. I believe that with the joint efforts of all sectors of society, children with autism will have a brighter tomorrow.